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MACHIAVELLI: A FEW MODEST PROPOSALS FOR CONSPIRATORS–PART FOUR (END)

In Bureaucracy, History, Politics, Social commentary on November 5, 2026 at 12:09 am

More than 500 years ago, Niccolo Machiavelli, the father of modern political science, offered sound advice for would-be conspirators—and for rulers seeking to thwart conspiracies.       

He did so in The Discourses on Livy, a work of political history and philosophy. In it, he outlined how citizens of a republic can maintain their freedoms.    

One of the longest chapters—Book Three, Chapter Six—covers “Of Conspiracies.”  In it, those who wish to conspire against a ruler will find highly useful advice. And so will those who might well become the targets of conspiracies.

For conspirators, there are five ways their efforts can be foiled:

  • Discovery through denunciation;
  • Discovery through carelessness;
  • Discovery through writings;
  • Dangers in executing the conspiracy;
  • Dangers following the execution of the conspiracy. 

Of these dangers, all but the last one have been examined so far.

Dangers following the execution of the conspiracy.

For Machiavelli, the greatest danger following the successful execution of a conspiracy is: 

….the attachment of the people to the prince who has been killed. There is no remedy against this, for the conspirators can never secure themselves against a whole people. 

[An example of this occurred in] the case of Julius Caesar, who, being beloved by the people, was avenged by them.  For having driven the conspirators from Rome, they were the cause of their being all killed at various times and places.

Machiavelli closes his chapter “Of Conspiracies” with advice to rulers on how they should act when they find a conspiracy has been formed against them.  

If they discover that a conspiracy exists against them, they must, before punishing its authors, strive to learn its nature and extent. And they must measure the danger posed by the conspirators against their own strength.

And if they find it powerful and alarming, they must not expose it until they have amassed sufficient force to crush it. Otherwise, they will only speed their own destruction. They should try to pretend ignorance of it. If the conspirators find themselves discovered, they will be forced by necessity to act without consideration.  

Quote by Machiavelli: “Necessity is what impels men to take action ...

Niccolo Machiavelli

The foregoing was taken from Book Three, Chapter Six, of Machiavelli’s masterwork, The Discourses on Livy, which was published posthumously in 1531.

But elsewhere in this volume, he notes how important it is for rulers to make themselves loved—or at least respected—by their fellow citizens: 

Note how much more praise those Emperors merited who, after Rome became an empire, conformed to her laws like good princes, than those who took the opposite course. 

Titus, Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus and Marcus Auelius did not require the Praetorians nor the multitudinous legions to defend them, because they were protected by their own good conduct, the good will of the people, and by the love of the Senate.

On the other hand, neither the Eastern nor the Western armies saved Caligula, Nero, Vitellius and so many other wicked Emperors from the enemies which their bad conduct and evil lives had raised up against them.  

In his better-known work, The Prince, Machiavelli warns rulers who—like Donald Trump—are inclined to rule by fear:

A prince should make himself feared in such a way that if he does not gain love, he at any rate avoids hatred: for fear and the absence of hatred may well go together.

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Donald Trump

By Machiavelli’s standards, Donald Trump has made himself the perfect target for a conspiracy.

During his first term as President, he viciously attacked many of the institutions Americans have cherished for more than 200 years. And during the first two years of his second term he has accelerated those attacks.

Among his targets: 

  • Pardoning about 1,500 of his followers who violently tried to overturn the outcome of the 2020 Presidential election in the January 6, 2021 attack on Congress. More than 250 of those pardoned had been convicted of assaulting police.
  • Firing the non-partisan board members at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts—and having his toadies illegally rename it the Trump-Kennedy Center.
  • Threatening to demolish the Center when a judge ordered him to remove his name from it.
  • Flooding Minneapolis and St. Paul, Minnesota, with 3,000 Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) agents who terrorized (and in two cases murdered) both American citizens and illegal aliens. 
  • Demolishing the East Wing of the White House to create a 90,000 square foot ballroom
  • Ordering the Justice Department to indict his critics such as New York Attorney General Letitia James and former FBI Director James Comey.
  • Repeatedly attacking the nation’s free press as “the enemy of the people” for daring to report his growing list of crimes and disasters.
  • Supporting Russian dictator Vladimir Putin in his efforts to conquer independent Ukraine. 
  • Demanding that Canada become the 51st state, aggressively raising tariffs on Canadian goods and even threatening military invasion.

As Machiavelli warned:

“When a prince becomes universally hated, it is likely that he’s harmed some individuals—who thus seek revenge. This desire is increased by seeing that the prince is widely loathed.” 

MACHIAVELLI: A FEW MODEST PROPOSALS FOR CONSPIRATORS–PART THREE (OF FOUR)

In Bureaucracy, History, Politics, Social commentary on November 4, 2026 at 12:14 am

More than 500 years ago, Niccolo Machiavelli, the father of modern political science, offered sound advice for how citizens of a republic can maintain their freedoms.  

He did so in The Discourses on Livy, a work of political history and philosophy. One of its longest chapters—Book Three, Chapter Six—covers “Of Conspiracies.” In it, those who wish to conspire against a ruler will find highly useful advice.

And so will those who might well become the targets of conspiracies. 

Among his advisories: There are five ways a conspiracy can be foiled: 

  • Discovery through denunciation;
  • Discovery through carelessness;
  • Discovery through writings; 
  • Dangers in executing the conspiracy;
  • Dangers following the execution of the conspiracy.

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The first two have already been profiled. Now for the remaining three.

Discovery through Writings: You may talk freely with any one man about everything, for unless you have committed yourself in writing, the “Yes” of one man is worth as much as the “No” of another. 

Thus, you should guard most carefully against writing, as against a dangerous rock, for nothing will convict you quicker than your own handwriting.

You may escape, then, from the accusation of a single individual, unless you are convicted by some writing or other pledge, which you should be careful never to give.  

If you are denounced, there are means of escaping punishment:

  • By denying the accusation and claiming that the person making it hates you; or
  • Claiming that your accuser was tortured or coerced into giving false testimony against you.

But the most prudent course is to not tell your intentions to anyone, and to carry out the attempt yourself.  

Even if you’re not discovered before you carry out your attack, there are still two dangers facing a conspirator:

  1. Dangers in executing the conspiracy; and
  2. Dangers following the execution of the conspiracy.

Dangers in Execution: These result from:

  • An unexpected change in the routine of the intended target;
  • The lack of courage among the conspirators; or
  • An error on their part, such as leaving some of those alive whom the conspirators intended to kill.  

Adolf Hitler, who claimed to have a sixth-sense for danger, was famous for changing his routine at the last minute. 

On November 9, 1939, this instinct saved his life. He had been scheduled to give a long speech at a Munich beer hall before the “Old Fighters” of his storm troopers. 

But that evening he cut short his speech and left the beer hall. Forty-five minutes later, a bomb exploded inside a pillar—before which Hitler had been speaking.

An unexpected lack of courage can also doom a conspiracy. 

…Two brothers of Alfonso, Duke of Ferrara, plotted against his life, and employed for the execution of their plot one Giannes, the Duke’s almoner and musician, who several times at their request brought the Duke to them….but neither of them had the courage to do it. 

The conspiracy was discovered, and they bore the penalty of their wickedness and their imprudence.

Conspirators can sabotage their efforts by speaking before acting:

Lucilla, the sister of the Emperor Commodus, ordered Quintianus to kill him.  He lay in wait for Commodus at the entrance of the amphitheater, and, on stepping up to him with drawn dagger, cried, “The Senate sends you this!” which caused Quintianus to be arrested before he had time to strike Commodus….

The more people targeted for assassination, the more likely the conspiracy is to fail.

Conspiracies against single individuals are generally apt to fail…but when undertaken against two or more persons, they fail much easier.  Such conspiracies present so many difficulties that it is almost impossible that they should succeed. 

In fact, to strike two blows of this kind at the same instant and in different places is impracticable, and to attempt to do so at different moments of time would certainly result in the one’s preventing the other.

John Wilkes Booth, the assassin of President Abraham Lincoln, planned to murder not only Lincoln but two other high-ranking officials: Vice President Andrew Johnson and Secretary of State William H. Seward.

On the night of April 14, 1865, Booth assassinated Lincoln at Ford’s Theater. But George Alzerodt, who had been picked to murder Johnson, lost his nerve and never tried to carry out his assignment.

And Lewis Powell attacked Seward in his home, stabbing him five times in the face and neck, but failed to kill him. After struggling with a bodyguard and one of Seward’s sons, Powell fled.

Conspirators can also be undone by their good intentions.

In 44 B.C., Gaius Cassius, Marcus Brutus and other Roman senators decided to assassinate Julius Caesar, whose dictatorial ambitions they feared.

Cassius also intended to murder Mark Anthony, Caesar’s strongest ally.

But Brutus objected, fearing the plotters would look like butchers, not saviors. Even worse, he allowed Anthony to deliver a eulogy at Caesar’s funeral.

This proved so inflammatory that the mourners rioted, driving the conspirators out of Rome. Soon afterward, they were defeated in a battle with the legions of Anthony and Octavian Caesar—and forced to commit suicide to avoid capture and execution.

MACHIAVELLI: A FEW MODEST PROPOSALS FOR CONSPIRATORS–PART TWO (OF FOUR)

In Bureaucracy, History, Politics, Social commentary on November 3, 2026 at 12:38 am

More than 500 years ago, Niccolo Machiavelli, the father of modern political science, offered sound advice on how citizens of a republic can maintain their freedoms.  

He did so in The Discourses on Livy, a work of political history and philosophy. One of its longest chapters—Book Three, Chapter Six—covers “Of Conspiracies.” 

This offers sound counsel for those who wish to conspire against a ruler. And for those who might well become the targets of conspiracies. 

Among his advisories: A single plotter avoids the danger faced by two or more conspirators: 

Since no one knows his intention, he can’t be betrayed by an accomplice.  

Anyone may form a plot, whether he is prominent or insignificant, because everyone is at some time allowed to speak to the prince. And he can use this opportunity to satisfy his desire for revenge.  

Joseph Stalin, undisputed dictator of the Soviet Union, may well have died at the hands of a single conspirator: His own secret police chief.  

Joseph Stalin

Throughout his nearly 30-year reign over the Soviet Union, at least 20 million men, women and children died—from executions, deportations, imprisonment in Gulag camps, and a man-made famine through the forced collection of harvests.  During the last weeks of his life, Stalin was planning yet another purge.

Among its intended victims: The highest-ranking officials of his regime.

Then, on March 5, 1953, Stalin died—officially from  a cerebral hemorrhage.

In the 2004 book, Stalin’s Last Crime, Vladimir P. Naumov, a Russian historian, and Jonathan Brent, a Yale University Soviet scholar, assert that he might have been poisoned.

If this happened, the occasion was during a final dinner with four members of the Politburo. Two of these were Lavrenti P. Beria, chief of the secret police, and Nikita S. Khrushchev, who eventually succeeded Stalin.

The authors believe that, if Stalin was poisoned, the most likely suspect was Beria. The method: Slipping warfarin, a tasteless and colorless blood thinner also used as a rat killer, into his glass of wine.

In Nikita Khrushchev’s 1970 memoirs, he quotes Beria as telling Vyacheslav M. Molotov, another Politburo member, two months after Stalin’s death: “I did him in! I saved all of you.”

According to Machiavelli: Those who take part in a conspiracy against a ruler are “the great men of the state, or those on terms of familiar intercourse with the prince.”

These are men who have access to him. Julius Caesar, for example, was stabbed to death by members of the Roman Senate, who feared his assuming dictatorial powers.

And Adolf Hitler was conspired against by colonels and generals of the German Army. He was in fact holding a war conference when a briefcase bomb exploded, killing three officers and a stenographer, but leaving Hitler only slightly injured.

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Adolf Hitler

There are five ways a conspiracy can be foiled:

  • Discovery through denunciation;
  • Discovery through carelessness;
  • Discovery through writings; 
  • Dangers in executing the conspiracy;
  • Dangers following the execution of the conspiracy.

Discovery through Denunciation: This occurs through treachery or lack of prudence among one or more conspirators.  

Treachery is so common that you can safely tell your plans to only your most trusted friends who are willing to risk their lives for your sake.  You may find that you have only one or two of these. 

But as you are bring more people into the conspiracy, the chances of discovery greatly increase. It’s impossible to find many who can be completely trusted: For their devotion to you must be greater than their sense of danger and fear of punishment.  

Discovery through Carelessness: This happens when one of the conspirators speaks incautiously, so that a third person overhears it. Or it may occur from thoughtlessness, when a conspirator tells the secret to his wife or child, or to some other indiscreet person. 

When a conspiracy has more than three or four members, its discovery is almost certain, either through treason, imprudence or carelessness. 

If more than one conspirator is arrested, the whole plot is discovered, for it will be impossible for any two to agree perfectly as to all their statements.  

A brief biography of Niccolo Machiavelli and his ideas | by Link Daniel | Medium

Niccolo Machiavelli

If one of them becomes fearful—whether it’s the one who was arrested or is still at liberty—discovery of the conspiracy is certain. 

The best way to avoid such detection is to confide your project to your intended fellow conspirators at the moment of execution—and not sooner.  

A classic example of this occurred in ancient Persia. According to the Greek historian Herodotus: A group of nobles assembled to discuss overthrowing a usurper to the throne. The last one to arrive was Darius.

When one of the conspirators asked, “When should we strike?” Darius replied: “We must either go now at this very moment and carry it into execution, or I shall go and denounce you all. For I will not give any of you time to denounce me.”

At that, they went directly to the palace, assassinated the usurper and proclaimed Darius their new king.   

MACHIAVELLI: A FEW MODEST PROPOSALS FOR CONSPIRATORS–PART ONE (OF FOUR)

In Bureaucracy, History, Politics, Social commentary on November 1, 2026 at 3:51 am

On October 22, Megan Lorraine Utz, 36, of Courtland, Alabama, was charged by the Justice Department with making threats against President Donald Trump. She was also charged with interstate transmission of threatening communication.         

According to the indictment and complaint, on October 5, 2026, Utz posted a threat on Facebook regarding Trump’s attendance at the upcoming football game between Alabama and Georgia in Tuscaloosa, Alabama,on October 10. 

Utz’s post stated: “He’s not allowed in my stadium! I’ll put a bullet through him if he dares.” 

Trump ultimately canceled his planned visit to the game because of Hurricane Isaias.

On October 6, 2026, FBI agents, Secret Service agents, and the Florence Police Department located Utz in Florence, Alabama.

The Florence Police Department arrested Utz pursuant to an active misdemeanor warrant for Harassing Communications issued by the Guin Police Department. 

“Threats of violence are taken seriously, and we are committed to protecting the safety of our nation’s leaders,” said U.S. Attorney Phillip W. Williams Jr. 

Given the layers of security surrounding Trump, the chances of Utz’ succeeding in assassinating him were microscopically small. But she made them non-existent when she violated a prime instruction by Niccolo Machiavelli.

Specifically:

I hold it to be a proof of great prudence for men to abstain from threats and insulting  words towards any one, for neither the one nor the other in any way diminishes the strength of the enemy—but the one makes him more cautious, and the other increases his hatred of you, and makes him more persevering in his efforts to injure you.

In this case, Trump never even heard the insult and threat. But those charged with protecting him did—and that was enough to guarantee Utz’ arrest and almost certain conviction for threatening the life of the President.

More than 500 years ago, Niccolo Machiavelli, the father of modern political science, offered sound advice for would-be conspirators—and for rulers seeking to thwart conspiracies.

He did so in The Discourses on Livy, a work of political history and philosophy. In it, he outlined how citizens of a republic can maintain their freedoms.  

One of the longest chapters—Book Three, Chapter Six—covers “Of Conspiracies.”  In it, those who wish to conspire against a ruler will find highly useful advice. And so will those who might well become the targets of conspiracies—such as President Donald J. Trump.

Refer to caption

Niccolo Machiavelli

The most dangerous time for a ruler comes when he is universally hated. Thus, in his better-known work, The Prince, published in 1532, Machiavelli advises: 

A prince must take great care that nothing goes out of his mouth which is not full of the above-named five qualities, and he should seem to be all mercy, faith, integrity, humanity and religion.

…A prince must show himself a lover of merit, give preferment to the able, and honor those who excel in every art.

Besides this, he ought, at convenient seasons of the year, to keep the people occupied with festivals and shows….mingle with them from time to time, and give them an example of his humanity and munificence, always upholding, however, the majesty of his dignity, which must never be allowed to fail in anything whatever. 

Rulers who disregard this advice do so at their peril: 

A prince need trouble little about conspiracies when the people are well disposed.  But when they are hostile and hold him in hatred, then he must fear everything and everybody…. 

…[The Roman Emperor Commodus], being of a cruel and bestial disposition, in order to…exercise his rapacity on the people, he sought to favor the soldiers and render them licentious. 

On the other hand, by not maintaining his dignity, by often descending into the theater to fight with gladiators and committing other contemptible actions…he became despicable in the eyes of the soldiers. And being hated on the one hand and despised on the other, he was conspired against and killed.

When a ruler becomes universally hated, it is likely that he’s harmed some individuals—who thus seek revenge. This desire is increased by seeing he is widely loathed.

So his first priority must be to make himself beloved—or at least avoid hatred.

By doing this, he protects himself from such vengeance-seekers. There are two reasons for this:  

  1. Men rarely risk danger to avenge a wrong; and
  2. Even if they want to avenge a wrong, they know they will face almost universal condemnation because the prince is held in such high esteem.  

Machiavelli draws a distinction between plots and conspiracies.

A plot may be formed by a single individual or by many. The first isn’t a conspiracy, since that would involve at least two participants.  

A single plotter avoids the danger faced by two or more conspirators: 

Since no one knows his intention, he can’t be betrayed by an accomplice.  

Anyone may form a plot, whether he is prominent or insignificant, because everyone is at some time allowed to speak to the prince. And he can use this opportunity to satisfy his desire for revenge.  

Joseph Stalin, undisputed dictator of the Soviet Union for almost 30 years, may well have died at the hands of a single conspirator: His own secret police chief.

BIRTHING FASCISM–AND TRUMP’S EVIL: PART FOUR (END)

In Bureaucracy, History, Law, Law Enforcement, Politics, Social commentary on October 9, 2026 at 12:10 am

There were numerous instances where intervention by Federal legislators or law enforcement authorities could have utterly changed the outcome of the 2024 Presidential election.                          

Case #12: Democrats expected to receive support from their traditional allies—such as blacks and Hispanics. But that didn’t happen.            

Despite Donald Trump’s overt racism, blacks deserted Vice President Kamala Harris in droves. About three in 10 back men under age 45 went for Trump, roughly double the share he got in 2020.   

A clear majority of young black voters described the economy as “not so good” or “poor,” compared with about half of older black voters.

Despite Trump’s demands for “mass deportations,” numerous Hispanics, when interviewed, said they didn’t feel threatened. They felt certain that Trump would deport “only the bad people.”

Young Latinos, particularly young Latino men, were more supportive to Trump than in 2020. Roughly half of young Latino men voted for Harris, compared with about six in 10 who went for Trump.

Majorities of black and Latino voters said the economy was in bad shape. They wanted a bigger paycheck. And they were willing to re-elect a man who despised them in hopes of getting it.

Case #13: Muslims—especially those living in Dearborn, Michigan—played a losing blackmail game with the Biden administration

On October 7, 2023, under the cover of thousands of rockets fired from Gaza, Hamas terrorists slaughtered an estimated 1,139 men, women and children in Israeli streets, houses, kibbutz communities and at a rave music festival.

About 250 others were kidnapped and taken into Gaza.

Israel responded by declaring a state of war—pounding Gaza with bombs, missiles. tanks and soldiers. 

Why Hamas and Israel reached this moment now — and what comes next | WBUR

Palestinians celebrating the attack on Israel

Terrorism-sympathizing Islamics—especially in Michigan—demanded that the Biden administration stop sending military equipment to Israel—and force Israelis to stop their military campaign to free the hostages. They threatened: “If you don’t do what we want, we won’t vote for Kamala Harris.”

Biden and Harris rejected their demands—and Islamics voted for Trump or didn’t vote at all.

The result: Harris lost—and was replaced with a Right-wing administration so pro-Israel that it made the Biden one seem pro-Palestinian by comparison. 

Case 14: Ignorance of and/or contempt for history. 

“Low information voters” is a euphemism for people dangerously ignorant of and indifferent to the issues affecting their lives.

After World War II ended in 1945, the United States proved a force for worldwide stability. Its “nuclear umbrella” prevented a Russian takeover of Europe and a Chinese takeover of Asia. 

But voters ignored Trump’s “bromance” with Communist dictators Vladimir Putin (Russia), Xi Jinping (China) and Kim Jong-Un (North Korea). They also ignored his proven disdain for the leaders of democratic nations—such as Canada and Great Britain. 

As a result, Canada and Mexico, America’s biggest trading partners, are now treated—by Trump—as enemies. Meanwhile, he cozies up to Putin against Ukraine’s legally-elected President, Vododmyr Zelensky.

 * * * * *

Countless historians have tried to answer the question: “Was the rise of Adolf Hitler—and the catastrophe he unleashed—inevitable?” 

Future historians will ask the same question about Donald Trump—and the almost certain disaster of a second Trump Presidency.

Competent historians will conclude that no one factor was responsible, but a combination of otherwise unrelated ones. Among these:

  • Republicans: Who feared that Trump’s Fascistic supporters would deprive them of political office if they didn’t abase themselves to a lifelong criminal and would-be dictator.
  • Republican judges: Who bent and/or broke the law to enable Trump to escape justice.
  • Justice Department prosecutors: Whose awe of the Presidency allowed Trump to slander and threaten federal prosecutors and judges.
  • Attorney General Merrick Garland: Whose cowardice prevented him from appointing Jack Smith Special Counsel until November 18, 2022—giving Trump time to delay justice and again win the Presidency.

Official portrait of United States Attorney General Merrick Garland

  • Democrats: Whose cowardice toward Trump encouraged Republicans to ever more extreme measures.
  • Blacks: Voted for a racist in hopes of a bigger paycheck.
  • Muslims: Refused to vote for Kamala Harris because Biden wouldn’t stop Israel’s military campaign to free Hamas-captured hostages.
  • Hispanics: Like the Jews in Hitler’s Germany, who couldn’t believe that Trump would carry out his threats to imprison and/or deport them.
  • The Biden administration: Which  refused to stem the tide of illegal aliens invading America—and thus enraged millions of law-abiding Americans into supporting Trump.
  • Toxic masculinity voters: Whose misogynistic attitudes toward women led them to reject a former local and state prosecutor for a 34-times convicted felon.
  • American voters: Whose hatred of Hispanic illegal aliens and inflationary grocery prices led them to ignore overwhelming evidence of Trump’s intent to overturn the democratic process and make himself absolute dictator.

In short: Those opposed to Trump’s evil  were too divided and shortsighted to combine against a common danger.

As John Adams, second President of the United States, observed:

Remember, democracy never lasts long. It soon wastes, exhausts and murders itself. There never was a democracy yet that did not commit suicide. It is in vain to say that democracy is less vain, less proud, less selfish, less ambitious, or less avaricious than aristocracy or monarchy. It is not true, and nowhere appears in history. Those passions are the same in all men, under all forms of simple government, and when unchecked, produce the same effects of fraud, violence and cruelty. 

BIRTHING FASCISM—AND TRUMP’S EVIL: PART THREE (OF FOUR)

In Bureaucracy, History, Law, Law Enforcement, Medical, Social commentary on October 8, 2026 at 12:56 am

There were numerous instances where intervention by Federal legislators or law enforcement authorities could have utterly changed the outcome of the 2024 Presidential election.                    

Case #9: Americans had become increasingly worried and angry about surging numbers of illegal aliens pouring into the country. But the Biden administration refused—until its closing months—to dramatically address this issue.     

A Vox story, dated July 12, 2024, warned:  “According to Gallup,  2024 is the first time since 2005 that most of the public have wanted less immigration, and this year marks the largest share of Americans feeling resistant to immigration since 58 percent said so in 2001….”  

Central American migrants seeking asylum reach US-Mexico border in Tijuana - ABC7 San Francisco

Illegal aliens climbing over the border fence in Brownsville, Texas

Six months later, on January 17, 2025, another Vox story offered: “What Democrats must learn from Biden’s disastrous immigration record.” 

It opened: “One of the main reasons Vice President Kamala Harris lost the election is the Biden administration’s record on immigration and the border — polls show it ranks up close with inflation among the top issues that drove swing voters to Trump….

“During Biden’s first three years in office, the number of arriving migrants skyrocketed, leading to a backlash as even blue states and cities complained they were overwhelmed. The peak came in December 2023, a month when officials reported about 250,000 encounters with migrants at the border, a record.” 

Then, starting early in 2024, and continuing throughout the year, border arrivals plummeted—by more than 80%.

The reasons:

  1. The Biden administration got the Mexican government to launch an extensive crackdown on migrants passing through its territory to the United States. 
  2. Biden decreed that new unauthorized migrants would be ineligible for asylum if too many people were coming to the border. Essentially, this meant shutting down the asylum process.

Unfortunately for Harris, the downturn in illegal immigration came too late.

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Donald Trump

In times of economic uncertainty, hostility rises toward immigrants—especially those who are alien to a host country’s language and culture. This has proven true in Europe as well as the United States.

Case #10: Americans blamed President Biden for inflationary price increases—especially for groceries such as eggs. 

According to a December 20, 2024 article—“Why are groceries so expensive? What you need to know”—by the Center for Science in the Public Interest:

“Since January 2019, food prices have risen nearly 30 percent in the US, leaving many households struggling to afford groceries.”

Among the issues responsible for this:

  • COVID-19: Caused worldwide disruptions in supply chains.
  • Transportation costs and fuel prices: Fuel costs are directly tied to how much retailers charge for groceries and other goods.
  • Animal diseases, weather events, crop failures: When bird flu (H5N1) first struck the U.S. in 2022, eggs were priced at around $2 per dozen. They peaked at $4.82/dozen in January 2023, and in December 2024—following the infection of over 123 million chickens—prices fell to about $4.15/dozen.
  • Global conflict: In February, 2022, Russia invaded Ukraine, which exports wheat, corn and agricultural fertilizer, among other products. Russia has tried to strangle Ukraine’s exports by attacking the nation’s agricultural centers.

No President—including Biden and Trump—can control such events. Unfortunately, every Presidential candidate virtually promises to be Superman. And voters repeatedly fall victim to this absurdity.

So when elected Presidents fail to perform miracles, those voters turn on them—and turn them out of office.

Case #11: Americans don’t want a woman President.

American voters proved that in 2016 when former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton ran for President—and lost to Trump in the Electoral College by a count of 227 to 304. 

And Hillary had an advantage that Vice President Kamala Harris lacked: Hillary was white.

England has elected a female Prime Minister: Margaret Thatcher. And Mexico—notorious for the machismo of its men—has elected a woman President: Claudia Sheinbaum Pardo. But in the United States, electing a woman chief executive is unthinkable to most American men. 

According to Daniel Cassino, Professor of Government and Politics at Fairleigh Dickinson University, men who support Trump hold to a traditionally masculine identity.

“So, among that group, Trump is up over Harris by about 35 points. Huge gap, Among other men, the half of men who don’t put themselves at the extremes of masculinity, Harris is up by 20. In fact, Harris is also up by 20 among most groups of women. So, really the gap is not between men and women, it’s between this one group of traditional masculine men and everybody else.” 

Machismo played a major role in Trump’s popularity among Hispanics. Roughly six in 10 men described Trump as a strong leader, compared with 43% who said that in 2020. About half of Hispanic women said Trump was a strong leader, up from 37%. 

Case #12: Democrats expected to receive support from their traditional allies—such as blacks and Hispanics. But that didn’t happen.    

During the eight-year tenure of America’s first black President, Donald Trump attacked Barack Obama as a foreign-born citizen who was thus ineligible for that office. He also had a history of supporting—and being supported by—racist white groups like the Proud Boys and the Oath Keepers. 

Nevertheless, blacks deserted Vice President Kamala Harris in droves. About three in 10 back men under age 45 went for Trump, roughly double the share he got in 2020. 

BIRTHING FASCISM–AND TRUMP’S EVIL: PART TWO (OF FOUR)

In Bureaucracy, History, Law, Law Enforcement, Medical, Politics, Social commentary on October 7, 2026 at 12:11 am

There were numerous instances where intervention by Federal legislators or law enforcement authorities could have utterly changed the outcome of the 2024 Presidential election.      

Case #5: Even after Donald Trump left office, the Justice Department treated him with a deference not shown any other criminal defendant.

He was allowed, for example, to hurl insults and threats at Special Counsel Jack Smith and even Smith’s family.

One such post, published on Trump’s website, Truth Social, went: “Deranged Jack Smith, who is a sick puppet for A.G. Garland & Crooked Joe Biden, should be DEFUNDED & put out to rest. Republicans must get tough or the Dems will steal another Election. MAGA!” 

By “A.G. Garland” Trump meant Attorney General Merrick Garland. By “put out to rest,” he meant that his followers should assassinate Smith. 

Not even Mafia bosses like Charles “Lucky” Luciano and Albert “The Executioner” Anastasia dared issue such a threat.

Laura Rozen on Twitter: "Jack Smith bio from the Hague court https://t.co/5iOsfwMSAa https://t.co/wAG6RmQ7N4" / Twitter

Jack Smith

By contrast: Jimmy Hoffa was president of the International Brotherhood of Teamsters. But that didn’t prevent Robert F. Kennedy’s Justice Department from indicting him for jury tampering—and convicting him on March 4, 1964. He was sentenced to eight years in prison and a $10,000 fine. 

No one in the Kennedy Justice Department said: “He’s the elected president of the Teamsters Union—so we can’t touch him.” Yet that is precisely how the Biden Justice Department repeatedly acted—simply because, in 2016, he won a Presidential election.

Case #6: Throughout his struggles to stay out of prison, Trump was aided by the unrelenting support of the Republican party. 

Republicans loudly and repeatedly claimed that Donald Trump was the legitimate winner of the 2020 Presidential election—despite overwhelming evidence that he wasn’t.

They also claimed that, by appointing Special Counsel Jack Smith to investigate Trump, the Democrats had weaponized Federal law enforcement.

They also fully supported Trump’s demand for the release of those who attacked the Capitol Building on January 6, 2021.

History of the Republican Party (United States) - Wikipedia

For example: Rep. Marjorie Taylor Greene (R-GA) has depicted these coup supporters as persecuted martyrs.

On March 24, 2022, members of the Republicans’ House Oversight Committee toured a Washington, D.C. jail where some of these defendants were held.

“Their due process rights are being violated. And they have been mistreated and treated as political prisoners,” Greene told reporters after the tour.

Adolf Hitler similarly portrayed as martyrs the Nazis who tried to violently overthrow the government of Bavaria on November 9, 1923.

A March 2, 2020 Washington Monthly story concluded ominously:  “U.S. democracy wasn’t set up to deal with a president openly behaving like a James Bond villain while being protected by a political party behaving more like a mafia than a civic institution.” 

Case #7: While Congressional Republicans relentlessly investigated President Joe Biden and his family, Democrats refused to similarly investigate Trump’s family.

The United States House Oversight Committee opened its investigation into the Biden family on January 11, 2023. The investigation included the foreign business activities of Biden’s son, Hunter, and brother, James. 

By November 2023, the investigation had not found any evidence of wrongdoing by President Biden. 

Democrats, by contrast, never probed why Jared Kushner, Donald Trump’s son-in-law and  former White House adviser, received $2 billion from Saudi Arabia’s Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman. The money came to Kushner’s private equity firm after Kushner left the White House in 2021. 

Jared Kushner

Salman has been implicated by U.S. Intelligence reports in the 2018 torture and dismemberment of Washington Post columnist Jamal Khashoggi. When asked if he believed the reports, Kushner said: “Are we really still doing this?” 

Democrats also refused to investigate the Trump administration’s illegally seizing vitally-needed medical supplies in at least seven states during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) did not publicly report the thefts, despite the outlay of millions of dollars of taxpayer money. Nor did the administration explain how it decided which supplies to seize and where to reroute them.

The Federal Government did not inform states whose supplies it seized if they would receive the materials they ordered and paid for. 

Case #8: On July 13, 2024, Trump was allegedly wounded in his right ear by a gunman while speaking at an open-air Presidential campaign rally near Butler, Pennsylvania.

The would-be assassin, Thomas Matthew Crooks, fired eight rounds from an AR-15 style rifle from the roof of a nearby building. Trump dived for cover behind his lectern, as the shooter killed one audience member and critically injured two others. 

Crooks was shot and killed seconds later by the Secret Service’s Counter Sniper Team.

Had Trump not slightly turned his head at the moment Crooks fired, Republicans would have been forced to choose another nominee.

 In addition, Trump would not have been alive to win the 2024 Presidential election and openly threaten to imprison the Justice Department prosecutors who sought to hold him accountable for his litany of crimes.

The assassination attempt calls to mind that by Colonel Claus Schenk von Stauffenberg on July 20, 1944, to kill Adolf Hitler with a briefcase bomb. Had he succeeded, the war in Europe would no doubt have ended far earlier, with countless lives being saved.

BIRTHING FASCISM–AND TRUMP’S EVIL: PART ONE (OF FOUR)

In Bureaucracy, History, Law, Law Enforcement, Military, Politics, Social commentary on October 6, 2026 at 12:05 am

On January 20, 2025, for the second time, Donald J. Trump took the oath of office as the 47th President of the United States.       

Since then, he has aggressively committed a series of outrages against the country he claims to love, including: 

  • Granting clemency to more than 1,500 people convicted of offenses related to the January 6, 2021 United States Capitol attack.
  • Flooding Minneapolis and St. Paul, Minnesota, with 3,000 Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) agents who terrorized (and in two cases murdered) both American citizens and illegal aliens
  • Signing executive orders reversing climate change initiatives and eliminating DEI programs.
  • Revoking an executive order on Artificial Intelligence safety signed by former President Joseph Biden, to establish safeguards for the rapidly advancing AI technology.
  • Threatening Greenland—an autonomous territory within the Kingdom of Denmark—with invasion unless it agreed to acquisition by the United States. Since Denmark is a member of NATO, such an invasion would pit the United States against its own alliance.

Greenland | History, Denmark, Trump, Population, Map, Flag, & Weather | Britannica

Greenland

  • Purging about a half-dozen executive assistant directors at the FBI. These were some of the bureau’s top managers overseeing criminal, national security and cyber investigations. Their “crime”: Investigating Trump’s inciting the January 6, 2021 coup attempt and illegally holding highly sensitive national security documents after leaving office.
  • Repeatedly threatening to make Canada—a United States ally for over 200 years—America’s “51st state” by military or economic force.
  • Firing the board members at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts and appointing himself as chairman—just as Joseph Stalin made himself arbiter of what was permissible for artists in the Soviet Union.
  • Ordering the Justice Department to indict his critics such as New York Attorney General Letitia James and former FBI Director James Comey.
  • Launching an unprovoked attack on Iran on February 28, he believes that in six weeks he can force its Islamic rulers to abandon their plans to develop nuclear weapons. Expecting victory in six weeks, after eight months he finds himself stymied by Iran’s closing the Strait of Hormuz.

Strait of Hormuz

  • Shutting down the Federal Government on October 1, when Democrats refused to agree to his gutting Medicaid, Medicare and the Affordable Care Act (ACA), causing 10-15 million Americans to lose health insurance coverage. 
  • Shutting off the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) for the poor to pressure Democrats to support his gutting of healthcare programs.

There were numerous instances where intervention by Federal legislators or law enforcement authorities could have utterly changed the outcome of the 2024 election—and prevented these outrages.

Case #1: On December 18, 2019, the Democratic-controlled House of Representatives adopted two articles of impeachment against Trump: abuse of power and obstruction of Congress. On February 5, 2020, the Republican-dominated Senate voted to acquit Trump on both articles of impeachment. 

Their motive: Fear that if they didn’t, they would be “primaried” by even more extreme, Trump-supported Right-wing candidates—and lose their positions and the accompanying power and perks.

Had Republicans agreed to convict him, he could not have run again for President. 

Case #2: On January 13, 2021, Trump was impeached for the second time for “incitement of insurrection”—inciting the January 6, 2021 attack on the United States Capitol.

The reason: To stop the counting of Electoral College votes, which he knew would prove that former Vice President Joseph Biden had won the 2020 Presidential election.

The evidence against him was overwhelming—including video of his inciting a mob of his followers to storm the Capitol Building.

But Republican Senators again acquitted Trump on February 13, 2021—choosing ambition over patriotism.

Had they done so, he could not have again been a candidate for President. 

Related image

Donald Trump

Case #3: Only on November 18, 2022—a year and a half after becoming Attorney General—did Merrick Garland appoint Jack Smith Independent Counsel to investigate Donald Trump’s role for: 

  1. Inciting the January 6 attack on Congress; and
  2. Illegally seizing and storing highly classified government documents at his Mar-a-Lago estate in Palm Beach Florida.

This gave Trump time to play his “deny and delay” game. Had he been prosecuted and convicted before the November 5 Presidential election, the results might well have been different.

Even hardcore supporters might have proved unwilling to vote for someone found guilty of inciting a riot or stealing highly classified documents.

Case #4: In June, 2023, Trump was indicted for illegally seizing and storing hundreds of highly classified government documents at his Mar-a-Lago estate.

Aileen Cannon, a Trump appointee as Federal Judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida, presided over the case.

She repeatedly ruled in his favor and finally dismissed the case in July, 2024. claiming that Special Counsel Jack Smith’s appointment was unconstitutional. 

Aileen Cannon 

Southern District of Florida, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0&gt;, via Wikimedia Commons 

Many legal experts, citing her handling of the civil case against Trump, called for her recusal from the case. Jack Smith could have requested her removal from the case but did not ask a Federal appeals court to do so.

MSNBC analyst Barbara McQuade told Newsweek that Smith likely refused to do so to “return public trust” to the Justice Department, which had been challenged in recent years.

Cannon’s kid-gloves treatment of Trump echoed that of the Right-wing judge who presided over Adolf Hitler’s trial in 1923 for trying to overthrow the government of Bavaria. 

NAZI PAST IS AMERICA’S PRESENT: PART FIVE (END)

In Bureaucracy, Business, History, Law, Law Enforcement, Medical, Military, Politics, Social commentary on October 2, 2026 at 12:06 am

In 1938, using threats of overwhelming force, Adolf Hitler successfully annexed Austria and Czechoslovakia.                  

Since resuming the Presidency on January 20, 2025, Donald Trump has moved aggressively against Canada, Mexico and Greenland. 

Greenland is strategically significant to the United States. It sits between Russia and the eastern coast of the United States, and is the fastest way from Europe to New York.

Trump declared that the United States must own and control Greenland “for purposes of National Security and Freedom throughout the World.”  He has not ruled out a military takeover of the island.

Greenland | History, Denmark, Trump, Population, Map, Flag, & Weather | Britannica

Greenland

This even though the Kingdom of Denmark—a member of NATO and an American ally—holds control of the semiautonomous island.

On June 22, 1941, Adolf Hitler launched his powerful Wehrmacht against the Soviet Union.

Less than two years earlier, on August 23, 1939, he had signed a “non-aggression” pact with his longtime arch-enemy, Joseph Stalin, dictator of the Soviet Union. 

Since then, his army had conquered Poland, Norway, Denmark, Holland, Belgium, France, Greece and Yugoslavia. Hitler believed it would conquer Russia in about six weeks.

Adolf Hitler

Four years later, Hitler was dead and Nazi Germany lay in ruins.

Similarly, on February 28, 2026, Donald Trump conspired with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu to attack Israel’s mortal enemy and America’s longtime antagonist: Iran. 

Trump predicted that the war would be over in four to six weeks—the same timetable Adolf Hitler gave for the completion of his victory over the Soviet Union in 1941.

And just as “Operation Barbarossa” proved a fatal mistake for Hitler, so Trump’s latest stab at playing Generalissimo has proven a total disaster. Seven months into his war, he still has no plan for winning it or withdrawing from it without losing face. 

Meanwhile,  Iran continues to control the Strait of Hormuz, through which about 20 million barrels of oil used to pass each day. That flow has been reduced to between two million and six million barrels each day.

Strait of Hormuz

This has created a worldwide spiral in oil prices—and fueled inflation in the United States and other nations. But as prices for housing, energy and food soar in the United States, Trump claims that “affordability” is a “Democratic hoax.”   

Like Adolf Hitler contemplating architectural models while Nazi Germany neared destruction, Trump focuses on vanity projects like a 90,000 square foot White House ballroom and a towering “Victory Arch” literally overshadowing Arlington Cemetery.

In Nazi Germany, freedom of the press was non-existent.

  • Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels forbade editors to publish any content that insulted the Third Reich.
  • The regime closed down anti-Nazi newspapers and used the SA and SS to storm offices and destroy printing presses.
  • Journalists who resisted were arrested, sent to concentration camps, or forced out of the profession, particularly if they were Jewish.
  • Opposition and multi-party newspapers were banned, and their printing equipment and plants were confiscated by the Nazi Party.

Joseph Goebbels

During his second administration, Donald Trump has waged an even more relentless war on the free press than during his first one. This has included:

  • Routinely denouncing critical journalists and mainstream outlets as “fake news,” “enemies of the American people” and national security threats.
  • Revoking press credentials and barring reporters from outlets like CNN, Politico and MS NOW from entering the White House.
  • Banning Associated Press reporters for refusing to use the term “Gulf of America” instead of “Gulf of Mexico.”
  • Filing multi-billion dollar defamation lawsuits against major news organizations such as CBS and the Wall Street Journal.

Head-and-shoulders shot of Trump with a serious facial expression, his right eye partly closed. He is wearing a dark blue suit, a pale blue dress shirt, a red necktie, and an American flag lapel pin. Parts of the image are slightly out of focus. The background is black.

Donald Trump

* * * * * * * * * *

Those who voted for Donald Trump in 2024 knew:

  • He was a man driven by greed, racism, egotism and hatred.
  • He was a 34-times convicted felon for falsifying business records to conceal hush money payments to a porn “star” before the 2016 Presidential election.
  • His lies about the dangers of COVID had killed at least 400,000 Americans.
  • He had incited a treasonous attack on Congress to illegally remain in office as President.

None of this mattered to those who voted for him.

In “Death’s Head Revisited,” a 1961 episode of “The Twilight Zone,”  Rod Serling offered a haunting story of otherworldly revenge: 

A  former SS captain visits the ruins of the Dachau concentration camp to relive his past sadistic pleasures—and is put on trial by the ghosts of the inmates he tortured.

As usual, Serling, as narrator, gets the final word:

“All the Dachaus must remain standing. The Dachaus, the Belsens, the Buchenwalds, the Auschwitzes; all of them.

“They must remain standing because they are a monument to a moment in time when some men decided to turn the Earth into a graveyard.

“Into it they shoveled all of their reason, their logic, their knowledge, but worst of all, their conscience.

“And the moment we forget this, the moment we cease to be haunted by its remembrance, then we become the gravediggers. Something to dwell on and to remember, not only in the Twilight Zone but wherever men walk God’s Earth.” 

In 2016, 2020 and 2024, millions of Americans—fueled by greed, ignorance and/or hatred—cast aside Rod Serling’s timeless warning.

And voted for a man who intended to turn the Earth into a graveyard.

NAZI PAST IS AMERICA’S PRESENT: PART THREE (OF FIVE)

In Bureaucracy, Business, History, Law, Law Enforcement, Medical, Military, Politics, Social commentary on September 30, 2026 at 12:05 am

During the 2016, 2020 and 2024 Presidential elections, white supremacists comprised the overwhelming majority of the audiences at Donald Trump’s rallies.  

Many of them sported signs that read: “MAKE AMERICA WHITE AGAIN.”

They knew that demographics were steadily working against them. Birthrates among nonwhites were rising. By 2045, whites would make up less than 50% of the American population.

The 2008 election of Barack Obama, the first black President, had shocked Fascistic whites. His 2012 re-election had deprived them of the hope that 2008 had been an accident.

Seven years ago, white supremacists openly carried guns, Nazi flags, and other white supremacist symbols while chanting racist slogans at the "Unite the Right" rally in Charlottesville, VA. One of them drove

Then came 2016—and the possibility that a black President might be followed by a woman: Former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton. And the idea of a woman dictating to men was strictly too much for them to bear.

So, on November 8, 2016, Donald Trump—lacking any government experience and best known as the host of a reality TV show—was elected President of the United States. 

Eight years later, in 2024, President Joseph Biden turned 80—six years younger than German President Paul von Hindenburg when he died—and was capable of dying literally any day.   

His Vice President, Kamala Harris—a black woman—was widely perceived as unprepared for the Presidency.

Meanwhile, Donald Trump—defeated in 2020—was, like Adolf Hitler, waging an all-out campaign to make himself dictator.

Hitler had a list of priorities—such as exterminating the Jews and conquering France, England and the Soviet Union—that he intended to carry out.

Similarly, Trump had his own list of priorities. Most of these had been supplied by the Right-wing Heritage Foundation under the title “Project 2025,” or “The Presidential Transition Project.” 

Established in 2022, the project aims to recruit tens of thousands of radical Right-wingers to the District of Columbia to replace existing federal civil servants.

The Heritage Foundation 

ajay_suresh, CC BY 4.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0&gt;, via Wikimedia Commons

Their goal: To fundamentally reshape the U.S. federal government toward a Fascistic agenda.

Among these proposals:

  • An all-out assault on immigration–both legal and illegal;
  • Attacking America’s long-term allies, such as Canada and England;
  • Catering to America’s longtime enemies, such as Russia and China;
  • Waging an all-out war on the press;
  • Replacing tenured civil servants with thousands of political hacks who owe their loyalty to Trump;
  • Making the director of the FBI personally accountable to the President—just as the head of the KGB is personally accountable to Russian dictator Vladimir Putin;
  • Stripping the Environmental Protection Agency of its authority to protect the air, soil and water; 
  • Favoring fossil fuels—the leading cause of global warming—and abolishing regulations to combat climate change;
  • Placing traditionally  independent federal agencies such as the Department of Justice, Federal Communications Commission and the Federal Trade Commission under Presidential control;
  • Providing massive tax cuts to the wealthiest 1% at the expense of the poor and middle class;
  • Designating contraception as the point where life begins;
  • Outlawing abortion;
  • Sharply restricting—if not banning—access to birth control; 
  • Designating Christianity as the official religion of the United States;
  • Reviving and expanding the use of capital punishment, while sharply restricting the right of appeals.  

Once Trump assumed the Presidency again on January 20, 2025, he began to vigorously implement as many of these goals as time and circumstances allowed.

Reading Katja Hoyer’s 2026 book Weimar: Life on the Edge of Catastrophe, the parallels between Hitler’s Third Reich and Trump’s second term become frighteningly clear. 

For the administration of Adolf Hitler, the Number One enemy was the Jews.

And so, on September 15, 1935, the Reich pushed the “Nuremberg Laws” through its rubber-stamp parliament. These stripped Jews of their citizenship and laid the legal foundation for their systematic persecution. 

“The Reich Citizenship Law” restricted citizenship solely to people of “German or related blood.” It reduced German Jews to second-class subjects. And it defined who was Jewish by having three or four Jewish grandparents, rather than religious practice or belief.

“The Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honour” banned marriages and sexual relations between Jews and German citizens (“race defilement”). It also forbade Jewish households from employing German female domestic workers under the age of 45.

Enforcement of these laws was entrusted to the local police and Hitler’s paramilitary police forces, the S.A. (“Brownshirts”) and SS (“Schutzstaffel”). 

For the administration of Donald Trump, the Number One enemy is Hispanics. Trump made attacking illegal immigration the centerpiece of  his 2024 campaign.

At the 2024 Republican convention, which nominated him, delegates cheered and waved “Mass Deportation Now” signs, excited at the thought of seeing tens of thousands of brown-skinned men, women and children being forced to leave the country.

WATCH: Where RNC delegates stand on immigration | PBS News

And since taking office, Trump has turned Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) into his private army. Its size and budget dwarf those of every other federal law enforcement agency.  

ICE employs more than 22,000 agents. Its annual budget usually stood at about $10 billion. But Trump’s “One Big Beautiful Bill,” passed by a Republican-dominated Congress in 2025, provided it with $75 billion in extra funding. 

By July 21, 2026, according to ABC News, “The total number of deportations so far this fiscal year is 356,389, according to the numbers posted by ICE. ICE currently has 65,765 individuals in detention facilities, 60% of whom have a criminal record, according to the agency.”