Blacks make up 13% of the American population, according to the 2010 census of the United States.
But they committed 52% of homicides between 1980 and 2008, according to the Bureau of Justice Statistics. Only 45% of whites were offenders in such cases.
Blacks were disproportionately likely to commit homicide and to be the victims. In 2008 blacks were seven times more likely than whites to commit homicide. And they were six times more likely than whites to be homicide victims.
According to the FBI, blacks were responsible for 38% of murders, compared to 31.1% for whites, in 2013.
From 2011 to 2013, 38.5% of people arrested for murder, manslaughter, rape, robbery, and aggravated assault were black.
Click here: FactCheck: do black Americans commit more crime?
In 1971, Robert Daley, a reporter for the New York Times, became a deputy police commissioner for the New York Police Department (NYPD).
In that capacity, he saw the NYPD from the highest levels to the lowest–from the ornate, awe-inspiring office of Police Commissioner Patrick Murphy to the gritty, sometimes blood-soaked streets of New York.
He spent one year on the job before resigning–later admitting that when he agreed to take the job, he got more than he bargained for.
It proved to be a tumultuous year in the NYPD’s history: Among those challenges Daley and his fellow NYPD members faced were the murders of several police officers, committed by members of the militant Black Liberation Army.
Two of those murdered officers were Waverly Jones and Joseph Piagentini. Jones was black, Piagentini white; both were partners. Both were shot in the back without a chance to defend themselves.
Writing about these murders in a bestselling 1973 book–Target Blue: An Inside’s View of the N.Y.P.D.–Daley noted:
- Jones and Piagentini were the sixth and seventh policemen–of ten–murdered in 1971.
- About 18 men were involved in these murders. All were black.
- The city’s politicians knew this–and so did Commissioner Murphy. None dared say so publicly.
“But the fact remained,” wrote Daley, “that approximately 65% of the city’s arrested murderers, muggers, armed robbers, proved to be black men; about 15% were of Hispanic origin; and about 20% were white [my italics].”
The overall racial breakdown of the city was approximately:
- Whites, 63%;
- Blacks, 20%;
- Hispanics 17%.
Stated another way: Blacks, who made up 20% of the city’s population, were responsible for 65% of the city’s major crimes.
Or, as Daley himself put it: “So the dangerous precincts, any cop would tell you, were the black precincts.”
That was 42 years ago.
Now, consider the following statistics released by the NYPD for “Crime and Enforcement Activity in New York City” in 2012. Its introduction states:
“This report presents statistics on race/ethnicity compiled from the New York City Police Department’s records management system.”
Then come the guts of the report:
Murder and Non-Negligent Manslaughter Victims:
-
Black (60.1%)
-
Hispanic (26.7%)
-
White victims (8.7%)
-
Asian/Pacific Islanders (4.2%)
Murder and Non-Negligent Manslaughter Arrestees:
- Black (51.4%)
- Hispanic (36.7%)
- White (9.2%)
- Asian/Pacific Islander (2.6%)
Rape Victims:
-
Black (37.9%)
-
Hispanic (36.9%)
-
White victims (19.2%)
-
Asian/Pacific Islanders (5.4%)
Rape Arrestees:
- Black (48.6%)
- Hispanic (42.8%)
- White (5.0%)
- Asian/Pacific Islander (3.1%)
Other Felony Sex Crimes Victims:
-
Black (40.7%)
-
Hispanic (33.6%)
-
White victims (19.6%)
-
Asian/Pacific Islanders (5.9%)
Known Other Felony Sex Crime Arrestees:
- Black (42.3%)
- Hispanic (39.8%)
- White (12.6%)
- Asian /Pacific Islander (5.1%)
Robbery Victims:
-
Hispanic (36.1%)
-
Black (31.9%)
-
White victims (18.3%)
-
Asian/Pacific Islanders (12.8%)
Robbery Arrestees:
- Black (62.1%)
- Hispanic (29.0%)
- White (6.2%)
- Asian/Pacific Islander (2.5%)
Felonious Assault Victims:
-
Black (47.8%)
-
Hispanic (33.6%)
-
White (12.4%)
-
Asian/Pacific Islanders (5.5%)
Felonious Assault Arrestees:
- Black (52.3%)
- Hispanic (33.6%)
- White (9.4%)
- Asian/Pacific Islanders (4.5%)
Grand Larceny Victims:
-
White (42.4%)
-
Black (25.0%)
-
Hispanic (20.1%)
-
Asian/Pacific Islanders (11.8%)
Grand Larceny Arrestees:
- Black (52.0%)
- Hispanic (28.5%)
- White (14.6%)
- Asian/Pacific Islanders (4.8%)
Shooting Victims:
-
Black (74.1%)
-
Hispanic (22.2%)
-
White (2.8%)
-
Asian/Pacific Islanders (0.8%)
Shooting Arrestees:
- Black (75.0%)
- Hispanic (22.0%)
- White (2.4%)
- Asian/Pacific Islander (0.6%)
Drug Felony Arrest Population:
- Black (45.3%)
- Hispanic (40.0%)
- White (12.7%)
- Asian Pacific Islanders (1.9%)
The Drug Misdemeanor Arrest Population
- Black (49.9%)
- Hispanic (34.5%)
- White (13.3%)
- Asian Pacific Islanders (2.1%)
The Felony Stolen Property Arrest Population:
- Black (52.5%)
- Hispanic (28.9%)
- White (14.5%)
- Asian/Pacific Islanders (4.0%)
The Misdemeanor Stolen Property Arrest Population:
- Black (47.1%)
- Hispanic (30.2%)
- White (16.9%)
- Asian/Pacific Islanders (5.4%)
Violent Crime Suspects:
- Black (66.0%)
- Hispanic (26.1%)
- White (5.8%)
- Asian/Pacific Islanders (1.9%)
Reported Crime Complaint Juvenile Victims:
-
Black (43.5%)
-
Hispanic (38.7%)
-
White (11.6%)
-
Asian/Pacific Islander (5.8%)
Juvenile Crime Complaint Arrestees:
- Black (58.6%)
- Hispanic (32.6%)
- White (5.8%)
- Asian/Pacific Islander (2.8%)
Appendix B of the report offers a breakdown of New York City’s racial makeup:
Total Numbers % the City’s Population
- White 2,722,904 (33.3%)
- Black 1,861,295 (22.8%)
- Hispanic 2,336,076 (28.6%)
- Asian/Pacific Islanders 1,030,914 (12.6%)
Thus, while Blacks make up 22.8% of New York City’s population, they comprise
- 51.4% of its murder and non-negligent manslaughter arrests;
- 48.6% of its rape arrests;
- 42.3% of its known other felony sex crime arrests;
- 62.1% of its robbery arrests;
- 52.3% of its felonious assault arrests;
- 52.0% of its grand larceny arrests;
- 75.0% of its shooting arrests;
- 45.3% of its drug felony arrests;
- 49.9% of its drug misdemeanor arrests;
- 52.5% of its felony stolen property arrests;
- 47.1% of its misdemeanor stolen property arrests;
- 66.0% of its violent crime suspects;
- 58.6% of its juvenile crime complaint arrests.
Police, like most people, learn from their experiences. And if the majority of their experiences with blacks continue to be with the perpetrators of crime, they will continue to associate blacks as a whole with criminals.
This is admittedly unfair to those blacks who are not involved in any way with crime. But it will continue until crime rates among blacks start falling dramatically.


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COPS AND DRUGS
In Bureaucracy, History, Law, Law Enforcement, Social commentary on February 26, 2016 at 12:05 amIt’s a movie that appeared in 1981–making it, for those born in 2000, an oldie.
And it wasn’t a blockbuster, being yanked out of theaters almost as soon as it arrived.
Yet “Prince of the City” remains that rarity–a movie about big-city police that:
It’s based on the real-life case of NYPD Detective Robert Leuci (“Danny Ciello” in the film).
Robert Leuci (“Danny Ciello” in “Prince of the City”)
A member of the elite Special Investigating Unit (SIU) Ciello (played by Treat Williams) volunteers to work undercover against rampant corruption among narcotics agents, attorneys and bail bondsmen.
His motive appears simple: To redeem himself and the NYPD from the corruption he sees everywhere: “These people we take from own us.”
His only condition: “I will never betray cops who’ve been my partners.”
And Assistant US Attorney Rick Cappalino assures Ciello: “We’ll never make you do something you can’t live with.”
As the almost three-hour movie unfolds, Ciello finds–to his growing dismay–that there are a great many things he will have to learn to live with.
Treat Williams as “Danny Ciello”
Although he doesn’t have a hand in it, he’s appalled to learn that Gino Moscone, a former buddy, is going to be arrested for taking bribes from drug dealers.
Confronted by a high-ranking agent for the Federal Drug Enforcement Agency, Moscone refuses to “rat out” his buddies. Instead, he puts his service revolver to his head and blows out his brains.
Ciello is devastated, but the investigation–and film–must go on.
Along the way, he’s suspected by a corrupt cop and bail bondsman of being a “rat” and threatened with death.
He’s about to be wasted in a back alley when his cousin–a Mafia member–suddenly intervenes. The Mafioso tells Ciello’s would-be killers: “You’d better be sure he’s a rat, because people like him.”
At which point, the grotesquely fat bail bondsman–who has been demanding Ciello’s execution–pats Danny on the arm and says, “No hard feelings.”
It is director Sidney Lumet’s way of graphically saying: “Sometimes the bad guys can be good guys–and the good guys can be bad guys.”
Lumet makes it clear that police don’t always operate with the Godlike perfection of cops in TV and films. It’s precisely because his Federal backup agents lost him that Ciello almost became a casualty.
In the end, Ciello becomes a victim of the prosecutorial forces he has unleashed. Although he’s vowed to never testify against his former partners, Ciello finds this is a promise he can’t keep.
Too many of the cops he’s responsible for indicting have implicated him of similar–if not worse–behavior. He’s even suspected of being involved in the theft of 450 pounds of heroin (“the French Connection”) from the police property room.
A sympathetic prosecutor–Mario Vincente in the movie, Rudolph Giuliani in real-life–convinces Ciello that he must finally reveal everything he knows.
Ciello’s had originally claimed to have done “three things” as a corrupt narcotics agent. By the time his true confessions are over, he’s admitted to scores of felonies.
Ciello then tries to convince his longtime SIU partners to do the same. One of them commits suicide. Another tells Ciello to screw himself: “I’m not going to shoot myself and I’m not going to rat out my friends.”
To his surprise, Ciello finds himself admiring his corrupt former partner for being willing to stand up to the Federal case-agents and prosecutors demanding his head.
The movie ends with a double dose of irony.
First: Armed with Ciello’s confessions, an attorney whom Ciello had successfully testified against appeals his conviction. But the judge rules Ciello’s admitted misdeeds to be “collateral,” apart from the main evidence in the case, and affirms the conviction.
Second: Ciello is himself placed on trial–of a sort. A large group of assistant U.S. attorneys gathers to debate whether their prize “canary” should be indicted. If he is, his confessions will ensure his conviction.
Some prosecutors argue forcefully that Ciello is a corrupt law enforcement officer who has admitted to more than 40 cases of perjury–among other crimes. How can the government use him to convict others and not address the criminality in his own past?
Other prosecutors argue that Ciello voluntarily risked his life–physically and professionally–to expose rampant police corruption. He deserves a better deal than to be cast aside by those who have made so many cases through his testimony.
Eventually, the U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York makes his decision: “The government declines to prosecute Detective Daniel Ciello.”
It is Lumet’s way of showing that the decision to prosecute is not always an easy or objective one.
The movie ends with Ciello now teaching surveillance classes at the NYPD Academy.
A student asks: “Are you the Detective Ciello?”
“I’m Detective Ciello.”
“I don’t think I have anything to learn from you.” And he walks out.
Is Danny Ciello–again, Robert Leuci in real-life–a hero, a villain, or some combination of the two? It is with this ambiguity that the film ends–an ambiguity that each viewer must resolve for himself.
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